PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Australia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of North America						Devonian of Germany	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Permian Subages of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
				Tortonian																		7.246
				Serravallian																		11.63
				Langhian																		13.82
				Burdigalian																		15.98
				Aquitanian																		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian												33.9
				Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan												37.71
				Lutetian																		41.2
				Ypresian							Bumbanian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Gashatan												56
				Selandian																		59.2
				Danian																		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
				Campanian																		72.1
				Santonian																		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
				Aptian																		113
				Barremian																		121.4
				Hauterivian																		125.77
				Valanginian																		132.6
				Berriasian																		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
				Kimmeridgian																		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Pliensbachian																		184.2
				Sinemurian																		192.9
				Hettangian																		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
				Norian																		208.5
				Carnian																		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	Buntsandstein	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																Longtanian †	Buntsandstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																	Ohre/Aller	259.51
				Wordian																	Leine	264.28
				Roadian																		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
				Artinskian																		283.5
				Sakmarian																		290.1
				Asselian																		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																		298.9
				Kasimovian																		303.7
				Moscovian																		307
				Bashkirian																		315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																		323.2
				Visean																		330.9
				Tournaisian																		346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
Frasnian			Late Devonian	Adorf	372.2
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Givetian	382.7
Middle Devonian			Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan		419.2
		Pridoli		Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian							Gamachian	445.2
										Richmondian	446 *
								Eastonian		Richmondian	449 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
								Gisbornian				452 *
			Sandbian									453
										Turinian		453.7 *
									Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian					458.4
			Dapingian					Yapeenian					467.3
								Castlemainian					468.5 *
								Castlemainian		Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
								Bendigonian						471.8 *
								Lancefieldian						473.5 *
										Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian							Tulean				477.7
										Stairsian				480.3 *
										Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
								Warendian					Demingian †	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10											Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian												Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian												Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
	Drumian		500.5												Marjumian
	Wuliuan		Stage 5 †												Topazan		504.5
	Wuliuan		Stage 5 †												Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4													Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3													Dyeran		514
															Montezuman		514.8 *
															Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian																		720
		Tonian															Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau			1000
		Stenian															Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian															Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian															Burzyan			1375
																						1400