PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of China	European Faunal Zones	Permian Subages of Germany	Cenozoic Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene		0.129
				Calabrian											Early Pleistocene		0.774
				Gelasian									MN 17		Early Pleistocene		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									MN 16		Late Pliocene	Yushean	2.58
				Piacenzian									MN 15		Late Pliocene		3.2
				Zanclean									MN 15		Early Pliocene		3.6
													MN 14				4.2
													MN 13			Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian									MN 13		Late Miocene		5.333
				Tortonian									MN 12				7.246
													MN 11				7.75
													MN 10				8.7
													MN 9				9.7
													MN 7 + 8			Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian									MN 7 + 8		Middle Miocene		11.63
				Serravallian									MN 6				12.8 *
				Langhian									MN 5			Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian									MN 4		Early Miocene	Shanwangian	15.98
													MN 3			Xiejiaan	16.9
													MN 2				20
				Aquitanian									MN 2				20.44
				Aquitanian									MN 1				22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Late Oligocene		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											Early Oligocene		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											Late Eocene		33.9
				Bartonian											Middle Eocene		37.71
				Lutetian											Middle Eocene		41.2
				Ypresian											Early Eocene		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Late Paleocene		56
				Selandian											Middle Paleocene		59.2
				Danian											Early Paleocene		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Meishanian		Buntsandstein			251.902
				Changhsingian								Baoqingian					253.4 *
Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	254.14
Wuchiapingian				Laibinian	257.7 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Lengwuan	Ohre/Aller	259.51
			Wordian	Kuhfengian	Leine	264.28
			Roadian	Kuhfengian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Luodianian		273.01
			Artinskian	Luodianian		283.5
			Artinskian	Longlinian		285.4 *
			Sakmarian	Longlinian		290.1
			Asselian	Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian		298.9
			Gzhelian			300.1
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
										Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Sunwaptan	487.5
										Festiniogian			489.2 *
			Jiangshanian										489.5
												Steptoean	493 *
										Maentwrogian			493.1 *
			Paibian							Maentwrogian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian								Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan								Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan								Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Caerfai		Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4								Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3								Dyeran		514
											Montezuman		514.8 *
											Begadean		519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †			571.7 *
																	635