PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Britain		European Faunal Units	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran							0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Chibanian						Castlecliffian							0.34
				Calabrian						Castlecliffian							0.774
				Calabrian						Nukumaruan							1.63
				Gelasian						Nukumaruan							1.8
				Gelasian						Mangapanian							2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian			Villanyian	Tertiary †		Yushean	2.58
										Waipipian			Villanyian				3
													Ruscinian				3.1 *
				Zanclean													3.6
										Opoitian							3.7
										Opoitian						Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean			Turolian				5.333
				Messinian						Tongaporutuan							7.2
				Tortonian													7.246
													Vallesian				8.7
									Southland	Waiauan							11.04
																Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian									Astaracian				11.63
				Serravallian						Lillburnian							13.05
				Langhian						Lillburnian						Shanwangian	13.82
										Clifdenian							15.1
									Pareora	Altonian							15.9
				Burdigalian									Orleanian				15.98
																Xiejiaan	16.9
										Otaian							18.7
													Agenian				20
				Aquitanian													20.44
				Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian							21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian							23.03
										Duntroonian							25.2
										Whaingaroan							27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
									Arnold	Runangan							34.6
										Kaiatan							36.7
				Bartonian						Kaiatan							37.71
				Bartonian						Bortonian							39.1
				Lutetian						Bortonian							41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
										Heretaungan							45.7
				Ypresian						Heretaungan							47.8
										Mangaorapan							48.9
										Waipawan							52
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian							56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian							66
				Campanian						Haumurian							72.1
				Santonian						Piripauan							83.6
				Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
										Mangaotanean							90.5
										Arowhanan							93.7
				Cenomanian						Arowhanan							93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
										Motuan							99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan							100.5
										Urutawan							103.3
Taitai					Korangan	108.4
				Aptian	Korangan	113
				Aptian		117.5
				Barremian		121.4
				Hauterivian		125.77
				Valanginian		132.6
				Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan		419.2
		Pridoli					Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
					Payntonian							Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	486.8 *
					Payntonian							Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian		Iverian							Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian	Maentwrogian	Iverian							493.1 *
			Paibian	Maentwrogian	Idamean							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan	St Davids							Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian	Boomerangian									499
			Drumian	Undillan									500.5
			Drumian	Floran									503
			Wuliuan	Templetonian		Stage 5 †							504.5
			Wuliuan	Ordian		Stage 5 †							507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian	Caerfai								509
			Stage 4										510.8 *
			Stage 3										514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																	1400