PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128349 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of China	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Meishanian					251.902
				Changhsingian											Baoqingian					253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian											Laoshanian					254.14
				Wuchiapingian											Laibinian					257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											Lengwuan					259.51
				Wordian											Kuhfengian					264.28
				Roadian											Kuhfengian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											Luodianian					273.01
				Artinskian											Luodianian					283.5
				Artinskian											Longlinian					285.4 *
				Sakmarian											Longlinian					290.1
				Asselian											Zisongian			Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Zisongian			Virgilian		298.9
				Gzhelian														Virgilian		300.1
				Kasimovian														Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian														Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian														Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian														Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian														Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian														Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian														Chesterian		323.2
				Visean														Chesterian		330.9
																		Meramecian		335.8 *
																		Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian														Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian														Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian															Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian															Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian															Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian															Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian															Emsian	393.3
				Pragian															Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian															Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan															419.2
			Pridoli		Niagaran															422.5 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian																423
			Ludlow	Gorstian																425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian														427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian																430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian														433.4
				Aeronian																438.5
							Alexandrian													438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton														440.1 *
																				440.7 *
				Rhuddanian																440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni											443.8
				Katian					Pirgu											445.2
									Vormsi											449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †										450 *
								Viru	Rakvere											450.6 *
									Oandu											452 *
				Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †										453
									Haljala											453.9
									Kukruse											456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †										457.5 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku											458.4
									Lasnamagi											458.9 *
									Aseri											460.4 *
								Oeland	Kunda											462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum										464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka									467.1 *
				Dapingian					Volkhov											467.3
				Dapingian					Billingen											469.3 *
			Early Ordovician	Floian																470
Latorp †										470.1 *
									Hunneberg	473.7 *
				Tremadocian					Hunneberg	Ungurian	477.7
									Varangu		481.3 *
									Pakerort		482.2 *
											Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Batyrbaian	485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
			Jiangshanian											489.5
										Aksaian			Aksaian	490.7 *
										Sakian			Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian											494
			Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Ayusokkanian			Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian				499.5
			Drumian										Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian										Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan							Amgan/Solvan			Tuesaian	504.5
			Wuliuan											505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4											509
										Toyonian	Lenian †		Toyonian	510 *
										Botomian			Botomian	512.5 *
			Stage 3							Botomian			Botomian	514
			Stage 3							Atdabanian			Atdabanian	515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian			Tommotian	521
			Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
			Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian														635
			Tonian														720
			Tonian													Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
			Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian													Burzyan	1375
																				1400