PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Ordovician of Britain				Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian Subages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Oteke	Puaroan							145
				Kimmeridgian										Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
														Kawhia	Ohauan							150
															Heterian							154.5
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Callovian											Temaikan							164.3
				Bathonian																		165.3
				Bajocian																		168.2
				Aalenian																		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Toarcian										Herangi	Ururoan							176
				Pliensbachian											Ururoan							184.2
				Pliensbachian											Aratauran							188.9
				Sinemurian																		192.9
				Hettangian																		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
				Norian											Warepan							208.5
															Otamitan							217
															Oretian							221
				Carnian											Oretian							227
				Carnian										Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											Kaihikuan							237
				Ladinian											Etalian							238
				Anisian											Etalian							242
				Anisian											Malakovian							246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											Malakovian							247.2
				Olenekian											Nelsonian							249
				Induan											Nelsonian							251.2
				Induan										DUrville	Makarewan							251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian			Makarewan							251.902
				Changhsingian								Dorashamian			Waiitian							253.2
				Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian			Waiitian							254.14
				Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian			Puruhauan							254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian		Aparima	Flettian							259.51
				Wordian											Flettian							264.28
															Barettian							266
												Murgabian										266.2 *
				Roadian								Murgabian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian										273.01
												Kubergandian			Mangapirian							276
												Bolorian										279.8
				Artinskian																		283.5
															Telfordian							285
												Yakhtashian			Telfordian							286
												Yakhtashian										288.5
				Sakmarian								Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian								Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																		298.9
				Kasimovian																		303.7
				Moscovian																		307
				Bashkirian																		315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																		323.2
				Visean																		330.9
				Tournaisian																		346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Late Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
													Middle Famennian									365.3 *
													Early Famennian									368.5 *
				Frasnian									Late Frasnian								Adorf	372.2
													Middle Frasnian									375.4 *
													Early Frasnian									379.3 *
			Middle Devonian	Givetian									Late Givetian								Givetian	382.7
													Middle Givetian									383.7 *
													Early Givetian									385.9 *
Eifelian				Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
Eifelian				Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
Early Devonian			Emsian	Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan			419.2
		Pridoli		Niagaran			422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian				Lockportian	Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian		433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan			Clinton			440.1 *
										440.7 *
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian								Rawtheyan		445.2
											Cautleyan		448.9 *
											Pusgillian		449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †			449.6 *
											Cheneyan					451.5 *
											Burrellian					452.7 *
			Sandbian													453
													Actonian †			453.2 *
	Marshbrookian †												Woolstonian †			454.2 *
	Longvillian †															455.2 *
	Longvillian †										Aurelucian					456.8 *
	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian										Aurelucian					457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn							Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig							Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian						470
										Whitlandian						471.1 *
										Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc							Migneintian						477.7
										Cressagian						480.8 *
										Cressagian						Mansian †	483.55 *
																Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10												Payntonian				486.8 *
		Jiangshanian												Iverian				489.5
												Aksaian			490.7 *
												Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian												Idamean	494
		Paibian												Idamean	Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Mindyallan		Ayusokkanian			497
												Boomerangian		Ayusokkanian			499
												Boomerangian		Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian										Undillan					500.5
		Drumian										Floran					503
		Wuliuan										Templetonian		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan										Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4															509
														Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
														Toyonian			510.8 *
														Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3												Botomian			514
		Stage 3												Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Tommotian			521
		Stage 2												Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian												Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																	Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian																		720
		Tonian																	Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			1000														Karatau
		Stenian			Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
																						1400