PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Silurian Ages of Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian Epochs	Permian of North America
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Capitanian		259.51
				Wordian								Wordian		264.28
				Roadian								Roadian		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
				Kungurian									Hessian	281.9 *
				Artinskian									Hessian	283.5
				Artinskian								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
				Sakmarian									Lenoxian	290.1
				Asselian									Nealian	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Kasimovian										303.7
				Moscovian										307
				Bashkirian										315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
				Visean										330.9
				Tournaisian										346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
				Pragian										407.6
				Lochkovian										410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan									419.2
			Pridoli		Niagaran									422.5 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
			Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian		Gleedonian						427.4
				Homerian		Lockportian		Whitwellian						429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian										430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian								433.4
				Aeronian										438.5
							Alexandrian							438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton								440.1 *
														440.7 *
				Rhuddanian										440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
				Katian										445.2
				Sandbian										453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian										470
			Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										477.7
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Late Cambrian			485.4
				Jiangshanian										489.5
				Paibian										494
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Middle Cambrian			497
				Guzhangian					Arcadian					498.4
				Drumian										500.5
				Wuliuan										504.5
			Series 2	Stage 4					Branchian		Early Cambrian			509
				Stage 3					Branchian					514
				Stage 3					Placentian					517.1
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
			Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian								Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau				1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan				1375
														1400