PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America						Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of China			Ordovician of the Baltic
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †																2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																					5.333
		Tortonian																					7.246
		Serravallian																					11.63
		Langhian																					13.82
		Burdigalian																					15.98
		Aquitanian																					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																					33.9
		Bartonian																					37.71
		Lutetian																					41.2
		Ypresian																					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																					56
		Selandian																					59.2
		Danian																					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																					66
		Campanian																					72.1
		Santonian																					83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian																					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																					100.5
		Aptian																					113
		Barremian																					121.4
		Hauterivian																					125.77
		Valanginian																					132.6
		Berriasian																					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																					145
		Kimmeridgian																					149.2
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Bathonian																					165.3
		Bajocian																					168.2
		Aalenian																					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																					174.7
		Pliensbachian																					184.2
		Sinemurian																					192.9
		Hettangian																					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																					201.4
		Norian																					208.5
		Carnian																					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †								Zechstein							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														Rotliegendes							259.51
		Wordian																					264.28
		Roadian																					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																					273.01
		Artinskian														Autunian							283.5
		Sakmarian																					290.1
		Asselian																					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
		Kasimovian																Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
		Moscovian																Middle Pennsylvanian					307
		Bashkirian																Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																Late Mississippian					323.2
		Visean																Middle Mississippian					330.9
		Tournaisian																Early Mississippian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan	Ohesaare	419.2
			Cayugan	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
			Niagaran	Kaugetuma	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian	Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian		Lockportian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Raikkula		439.4 *
			Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
							440.7 *
		Rhuddanian					440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	Chientangkiangian				Pirgu	445.2
									Richmondian	Chientangkiangian					446 *
										Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
														Vormsi	449.6 *
									Maysvillian					Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
									Maysvillian					Nabala			Johvi †		450 *
									Edenian					Nabala					450.4 *
									Edenian				Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
							Mohawkian		Chatfieldian					Rakvere					451.1 *
														Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian												Keila			Idavere †		453
									Turinian					Keila					453.7 *
														Haljala					453.9
														Kukruse					456.4 *
							Whiterockian							Kukruse	Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
														Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			Uhaku						458.4
														Lasnamagi						458.9 *
														Aseri						460.4 *
													Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
																	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
											Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo								466.3 *
														Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Dapingian		467.3
									Rangerian	469.1 *
									Rangerian	Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †					Cassinian †					Yiyangian		470
																	Latorp †				470.1 *
										Hunneberg											473.7 *
								Tulean													473.9 *
		Tremadocian														Ungurian			Xinchangian		477.7
												Lianghekou †									477.9 *
								Stairsian													480.3 *
								Stairsian		Varangu											481.3 *
								Skullrockian		Varangu				Demingian †							482 *
										Pakerort				Demingian †							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Pakerort				Batyrbaian							485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
																		487.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
														Aksaian				490.7 *
														Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian												Sakian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †				Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian																			499.5
		Drumian																Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian																Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan																Tuesaian			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan																			Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4																				509
																		Toyonian				510 *
																		Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3																Botomian				514
		Stage 3																Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																Tommotian				521
																							525.5