PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6										0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Nihewanian				0.0117
				Chibanian																	0.129
				Calabrian																	0.774
				Gelasian																	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Yushean	Tertiary †			2.58
				Zanclean													Yushean				3.6
				Zanclean													Baodean				4.9
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Tortonian													Tunggurian				11.1
				Serravallian							Cenozoic 5						Tunggurian				11.63
				Langhian													Shanwangian				13.82
				Burdigalian													Shanwangian				15.98
				Burdigalian													Xiejiaan				16.9
				Aquitanian													Xiejiaan				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							Cenozoic 4										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3										33.9
				Bartonian							Cenozoic 3										37.71
				Lutetian							Cenozoic 2										41.2
				Ypresian							Cenozoic 2										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1										56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8										66
				Campanian							Cretaceous 7										72.1
				Santonian							Cretaceous 6										83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4										100.5
				Aptian							Cretaceous 3										113
				Barremian							Cretaceous 2										121.4
				Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2										125.77
				Valanginian							Cretaceous 1										132.6
				Berriasian							Cretaceous 1										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan								150
													Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Callovian									Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian							Jurassic 4										165.3
				Bajocian							Jurassic 4										168.2
				Aalenian							Jurassic 3										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2		Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2		Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian							Jurassic 1										192.9
				Hettangian							Jurassic 1										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian									Warepan								208.5
													Otamitan								217
													Oretian								221
				Carnian							Triassic 3		Oretian								227
				Carnian							Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Triassic 2		Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian									Etalian								238
				Anisian									Etalian								242
Malakovian				Anisian	246
Malakovian			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian		249
Nelsonian				Induan		251.2
DUrville				Induan		Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian			Flettian			264.28
						Barettian			266
							Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian		Permian 3		Murgabian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		Permian 2		Kubergandian		273.01
						Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
							Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian			285
						Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
							Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Bursumian †		Permian 1		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian		Carboniferous 5			298.9
			Kasimovian		Missourian					303.7
			Kasimovian		Desmoinesian					305.9 *
			Moscovian		Desmoinesian		Carboniferous 4			307
			Moscovian		Atokan					312.7 *
			Bashkirian		Atokan					315.2
			Bashkirian		Morrowan					318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian		Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean		Chesterian		Carboniferous 2			330.9
					Meramecian					335.8 *
					Osagean					343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Osagean		Carboniferous 1			346.7
			Tournaisian		Kinderhookian		Carboniferous 1			351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway			Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean			Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan			Cazenovian	Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian			Cazenovian	Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian								Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian								Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								Cayugan		Silurian 2	Ohesaare	419.2
										Cayugan			Kaugetuma	421.7 *
										Niagaran			Kaugetuma	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian										Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian										Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian										Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian										Lockportian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian										Lockportian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian											Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian											Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian									Ontarian	Silurian 1	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian											Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian												438.5
															Alexandrian	438.7 *
														Raikkula		439.4 *
										Medinan		Clinton				440.1 *
																440.7 *
			Rhuddanian													440.8
			Rhuddanian											Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											Ordovician 5		443.8
			Katian											Ordovician 5		445.2
			Sandbian											Ordovician 4		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											Ordovician 3		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											Ordovician 2		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian											Ordovician 2		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian											Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5											485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4											Series 3 †		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3					Stage 5 †								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3													509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																					635