PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128152 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian																			0.0042
				Greenlandian																			0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	Late Pleistocene		0.0117
				Chibanian																	Middle Pleistocene		0.129
				Chibanian																Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene		0.34
				Calabrian																Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene		0.774
				Calabrian																Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian																Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian																Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †								Mangapanian	Late Pliocene		2.58
				Piacenzian																Waipipian	Late Pliocene		3
				Zanclean																Waipipian	Early Pliocene		3.6
				Zanclean																Opoitian	Early Pliocene		3.7
			Miocene	Messinian															Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene		5.333
				Messinian																Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian																Tongaporutuan			7.246
				Tortonian															Southland	Waiauan			11.04
				Serravallian																Waiauan	Middle Miocene		11.63
				Serravallian																Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian																Lillburnian			13.82
																				Clifdenian			15.1
																			Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian																Altonian	Early Miocene		15.98
				Burdigalian																Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian																Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian															Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																Waitakian	Late Oligocene		23.03
																				Duntroonian			25.2
																				Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian																	Early Oligocene		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																	Late Eocene		33.9
																			Arnold	Runangan			34.6
																				Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian																Kaiatan	Middle Eocene		37.71
				Bartonian																Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian																Bortonian			41.2
																			Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
																				Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian																Heretaungan	Early Eocene		47.8
																				Mangaorapan			48.9
																				Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian																Teurian	Late Paleocene		56
				Selandian																	Middle Paleocene		59.2
				Danian																	Early Paleocene		61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian																Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian																Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian															Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian																			86.3
				Turonian																			89.8
																				Mangaotanean			90.5
																				Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian																Arowhanan			93.9
																			Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
																				Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																Motuan			100.5
																				Urutawan			103.3
																			Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian																Korangan			113
				Aptian																			117.5
				Barremian																			121.4
				Hauterivian																			125.77
				Valanginian																			132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian			283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
			Asselian			Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
							Xiaodushanian	300 *
						Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
								Cantabrian	305 *
							Dalaun		305.8 *
			Moscovian						307
						Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
						Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
							Shangsian	Pendleian	330.8 *
			Visean			Warnantian	Shangsian	Brigantian †	330.9
						Warnantian	Jiusian	Brigantian †	335 *
						Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian			Ivorian		Tangbagouan	346.7
			Tournaisian			Hastarian		Tangbagouan	353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan					419.2
		Pridoli		Niagaran					422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan					Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
Caradoc											Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
					Burrellian						452.7 *
			Sandbian								453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian						Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Aurelucian						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig		Fennian								468.4 *
Early Ordovician		Floian			Fennian								470
					Whitlandian								471.1 *
					Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian								477.7
					Cressagian								480.8 *
					Cressagian								Mansian †	483.55 *
													Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian											Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian			489.5
															Aksaian			490.7 *
															Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian											Paibian					494
																	Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
														Waergangian †/Youshuanian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian											Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian											Drumian			Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan											Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †			Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Duyunian						Amgan/Solvan	509
																	Toyonian		Lenian †	510 *
																	Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3											Nangaoian				Botomian			514
		Stage 3											Nangaoian				Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Meishucunian				Tommotian			521
		Stage 2															Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian																	Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian						530.7						Manykaian †
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																			Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
		Tonian				Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau		1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan		1375
																							1400