PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Senonian				66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											Gallic				100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian											Neocomian				125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
				Induan															251.2
				Induan										Kathwai					251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian	Kathwai					251.902
																			252.4 *
														Chhidru					252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian								Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Chhidru					254.14
														Kalabagh					255 *
														Wargal					256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian				Rotliegendes	Midian						259.51
				Wordian				Wordian											264.28
																			265.3 *
														Amb					266.1 *
													Murgabian						266.2 *
				Roadian				Roadian											266.9
				Roadian				Roadian											270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian				Kubergandian						273.01
									Cathedralian				Bolorian						279.8
									Hessian										281.9 *
				Artinskian								Autunian							283.5
													Yakhtashian						286
								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				Yakhtashian						286.1 *
				Sakmarian					Lenoxian				Sakmarian						290.1
				Asselian					Nealian				Asselian						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
				Kasimovian															303.7
				Moscovian															307
				Bashkirian															315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian															323.2
				Visean															330.9
				Tournaisian															346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian															358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian															372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian															382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian															387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian															393.3
Pragian				407.6
Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli		Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
						Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
							440.7 *
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill			Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †				449.6 *
										Cheneyan					451.5 *
										Burrellian					452.7 *
			Sandbian												453
											Actonian †				453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †					455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †					456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
			Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
			Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
			Dapingian				Arenig			Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470							Fennian
			Whitlandian							471.1 *
			Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc				Migneintian			477.7
			Tremadoc				Cressagian			480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635