PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Permian of the Salt Range	European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Villanyian						2.58
				Piacenzian					Ruscinian						3.1 *
				Zanclean					Ruscinian						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian					Turolian						5.333
				Tortonian					Turolian						7.246
				Tortonian					Vallesian						8.7
				Serravallian					Astaracian						11.63
				Langhian					Astaracian						13.82
				Burdigalian					Orleanian						15.98
				Burdigalian					Agenian						20
				Aquitanian					Agenian						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
				Induan											251.2
				Induan				Kathwai							251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai							251.902
															252.4 *
								Chhidru							252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian				Chhidru							254.14
								Kalabagh							255 *
								Wargal							256 *
										Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							Severodvinian				259.51
				Wordian							Urzhumian				264.28
															265.3 *
								Amb							266.1 *
				Roadian				Amb		Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
				Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
					Filipovian	276.5 *
					Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
					Irginian	285.9 *
					Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Bursumian †	293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian			Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
			Visean			Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian				365.3 *
						Early Famennian				368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
						Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
						Early Frasnian				379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian			Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian				383.7 *
						Early Givetian				385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian			Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian			Emsian	393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian			Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli				Cayugan					419.2
		Pridoli				Niagaran					422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan					Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
			Katian									445.2
			Sandbian									453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian											635
			Tonian											720
			Tonian										Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
			Stenian	Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian	Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian	Burzyan	1375
															1400