PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Australia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6		0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian								Cenozoic 5		11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Cenozoic 4		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3		33.9
		Bartonian								Cenozoic 3		37.71
		Lutetian								Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Ypresian								Cenozoic 2		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1		56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian								Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian								Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian								Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian								Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian								Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian								Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian								Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian								Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian								Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian								Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian								Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian								Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian								Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian								Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian								Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Triassic 1		247.2
		Induan										251.2
		Induan				Kathwai						251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai				Permian 4		251.902
												252.4 *
						Chhidru						252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru						254.14
						Kalabagh						255 *
						Wargal						256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
												265.3 *
			Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb	Permian 3	266.9
		Roadian		Permian 3	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian		Bursumian †	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian		Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian		Desmoinesian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Moscovian		Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean		Chesterian	Carboniferous 2	330.9
				Meramecian		335.8 *
				Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean	Carboniferous 1	346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian	Carboniferous 1	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	Silurian 2	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian							Bolindian	445.2
									Eastonian	449 *
									Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4	Gisbornian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3	Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian						Ordovician 2	Yapeenian	467.3
		Dapingian							Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian	470
									Bendigonian	471.8 *
									Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian						Ordovician 1	Lancefieldian	477.7
		Tremadocian						Ordovician 1	Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Cambrian 5		485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian	Albertian †		Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian						Marjumian			Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan			Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4						Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran			Cambrian 2	514
								Montezuman				514.8 *
								Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
												538.8