PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Siberia			Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian													Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean													Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian													Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian													Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian													Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian													Astaracian	11.63
				Langhian													Astaracian	13.82
				Burdigalian													Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian													Agenian	20
				Aquitanian													Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
				Induan														251.2
				Induan											Kathwai			251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Buntsandstein			Kathwai			251.902
																		252.4 *
															Chhidru			252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian				Zechstein							Chhidru			254.14
															Kalabagh			255 *
															Wargal			256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes				Ohre/Aller						259.51
				Wordian								Leine						264.28
																		265.3 *
															Amb			266.1 *
				Roadian											Amb			266.9
				Roadian														270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
Artinskian				Autunian	283.5
Sakmarian					290.1
Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †	298.9
			Kasimovian		Mapingian †	303.7
			Kasimovian			305.9
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
			Tremadocian						477.7
			Tremadocian						Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
			Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian				489.5
									Aksaian				490.7 *
									Sakian				492.2 *
			Paibian										494
			Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian				497
			Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian				499.5
			Drumian						Mayan/Menevian				500.5
			Wuliuan						Amgan/Solvan				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Amgan/Solvan				509
									Toyonian	Lenian †			510 *
									Botomian				512.5 *
	Stage 3		514						Botomian
	Stage 3		Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian							521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian						Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †		Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †		Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635