PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean			0
				Meghalayan						Santarosean			0.0004
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean			0.014
				Chibanian						Rancholabrean			0.129
				Chibanian						Irvingtonian			0.21
				Calabrian						Irvingtonian			0.774
				Calabrian						Blancan			1.4
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
				Zanclean									3.6
				Zanclean						Hemphillian			4.7
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Tortonian						Clarendonian			9.4
				Serravallian						Clarendonian			11.63
				Serravallian						Barstovian			12.5
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
										Hemingfordian			16.3
										Arikareean			18.5
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
				Rupelian									27.82
										Whitneyan			29.5
										Orellan			31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian			33.9
				Priabonian						Duchesnean			37
				Bartonian						Duchesnean			37.71
				Bartonian						Uintan			39.7
				Lutetian						Uintan			41.2
				Lutetian						Bridgerian			46.2
				Ypresian						Bridgerian			47.8
										Wasatchian			50.5
										Clarkforkian			54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Clarkforkian			56
				Thanetian						Tiffanian			56.2
				Selandian						Tiffanian			59.2
				Selandian						Torrejonian			60.9
				Danian						Torrejonian			61.6
				Danian						Puercan			63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Senonian	66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic	100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian								Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian	259.51
			Wordian	Midian	264.28
			Wordian	Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian	Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian	Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian	Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan			419.2
		Pridoli				Niagaran			422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian		433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										1000
		Ectasian										1200
		Calymmian										1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian										1600
		Orosirian										1800
		Rhyacian										2050
		Siderian										2300
Archean	Neoarchean											2500
	Mesoarchean											2800
	Paleoarchean											3200
	Eoarchean											3600
Hadean												4000
													4600