PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of China	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian									Waipipian					3
		Zanclean									Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean									Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian									Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian									Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian					13.82
											Clifdenian					15.1
										Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian									Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian									Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian									Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian					23.03
											Duntroonian					25.2
											Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
										Arnold	Runangan					34.6
											Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian									Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian									Bortonian					41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
											Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian									Heretaungan					47.8
											Mangaorapan					48.9
											Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian					56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian									Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian									Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
											Mangaotanean					90.5
											Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian									Arowhanan					93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
											Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan					100.5
											Urutawan					103.3
										Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian									Korangan					113
		Aptian														117.5
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	254.14
				Laoshanian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
				Laibinian		Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian		Capitanian	Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian		Wordian	Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian	Roadian		266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian	Roadian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	Luodianian	273.01
					Filipovian				276.5 *
					Saraninian				280.1 *
					Saraninian		Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
					Sarginian			Longlinian	285.4 *
					Irginian				285.9 *
					Irginian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
					Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian		Nealian	Zisongian	Bursumian †	293.52
					Uskalykian					294.8
					Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian	298.9
		Gzhelian							Virgilian	300.1
		Kasimovian							Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian							Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian							Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian							Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian							Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian							Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chesterian	323.2
		Visean							Chesterian	330.9
									Meramecian	335.8 *
									Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian							Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian							Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Srbsko		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Chotec		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian								Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian								Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Cayugan			419.2
	Pridoli									Niagaran			422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Lockportian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Ontarian										433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
													Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan							Clinton				440.1 *
														440.7 *
		Rhuddanian												440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian												443.8
		Katian												445.2
		Sandbian												453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian												467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian												Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian												Batyrbaian	489.5
														Aksaian	490.7 *
														Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian												Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian													499.5
		Drumian												Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian												Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan												Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan													505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4													509
														Toyonian	510 *
														Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3												Botomian	514
		Stage 3												Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Tommotian	521
																525.5