PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of North America			Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6											0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Serravallian				Cenozoic 5											11.63
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3											33.9
				Bartonian				Cenozoic 3											37.71
				Lutetian				Cenozoic 2											41.2
				Ypresian				Cenozoic 2											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1											56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8											66
				Campanian				Cretaceous 7											72.1
				Santonian				Cretaceous 6											83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4											100.5
				Aptian				Cretaceous 3											113
				Barremian				Cretaceous 2											121.4
				Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2											125.77
				Valanginian				Cretaceous 1											132.6
				Berriasian				Cretaceous 1											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6											145
				Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5											149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian				Jurassic 4											165.3
				Bajocian				Jurassic 4											168.2
				Aalenian				Jurassic 3											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3											174.7
				Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2											184.2
				Sinemurian				Jurassic 1											192.9
				Hettangian				Jurassic 1											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4											201.4
				Norian				Triassic 4											208.5
				Carnian				Triassic 3											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4						Dorashamian					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Dzhulfian					254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										Midian					259.51
				Wordian										Midian					264.28
				Wordian										Murgabian					266.2 *
				Roadian				Permian 3						Murgabian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2						Kubergandian					273.01
				Kungurian										Bolorian					279.8
				Artinskian										Bolorian					283.5
				Artinskian										Yakhtashian					286
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
Asselian				Permian 1	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		298.9
			Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5		303.7
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		307
			Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3		323.2
			Visean	Carboniferous 2		330.9
			Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3		Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3		Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian	Devonian 1		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Devonian 1		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan		Silurian 2	Ohesaare		419.2
				Cayugan			Kaugetuma		421.7 *
				Niagaran			Kaugetuma		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian		Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Lockportian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian	Silurian 1		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian						Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian							438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
									Raikkula		439.4 *
				Medinan		Clinton					440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5		Bolindian	443.8
			Katian								Bolindian	445.2
											Eastonian	449 *
											Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian						Ordovician 4		Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3		Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian						Ordovician 2		Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian								Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								Chewtonian	470
											Bendigonian	471.8 *
											Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian						Ordovician 1		Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian						Ordovician 1		Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Cambrian 5			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10										Festiniogian	Niuchehean		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian										Festiniogian	Jiangshanian		489.5
			Jiangshanian										Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian		493.1 *
			Paibian											Paibian		494
			Paibian											Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						St Davids				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4										Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3										Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3						Caerfai				Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2										Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2										Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1										Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1										Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian			Karatau													800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau													1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian													1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian													1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan													1375
																			1400