PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of England		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia							Devonian of Germany	Silurian of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Permian Subages of Germany
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian														33.9
		Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan														37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian				Bumbanian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan														56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															Longtanian †	Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian																Leine	264.28
		Roadian																	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
		Artinskian																	283.5
		Sakmarian																	290.1
		Asselian																	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																	298.9
		Kasimovian																	303.7
		Moscovian																	307
		Bashkirian																	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																	323.2
		Visean																	330.9
		Tournaisian																	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine			Cayugan	419.2
				Bringewood/Elton			Cayugan	421.3
				Bringewood/Elton			Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood				423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian		Buildwas				426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian		Buildwas				Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian	Wych	Woolhope				Lockportian	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian				436.3 *
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian		438.7 *
			Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
					Medinan		Clinton	440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian				443.8
		Katian				Gamachian				445.2
						Richmondian				446 *
						Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian					450.4 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian					453
						Turinian					453.7 *
					Whiterockian					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Dapingian										467.3
		Dapingian				Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean							477.7
						Stairsian							480.3 *
						Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Skullrockian							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian												Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4														Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3														Dyeran	514
																Montezuman	514.8 *
																Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
																			538.8