PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of England		European Faunal Units	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of North America		Devonian Subages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		European Faunal Zones	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian											MN 17		1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Villanyian								MN 16		2.58
							Ruscinian								MN 16		3.1 *
															MN 15		3.2
				Zanclean											MN 15		3.6
															MN 14		4.2
															MN 13		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian			Turolian								MN 13		5.333
				Tortonian											MN 12		7.246
															MN 11		7.75
							Vallesian								MN 10		8.7
															MN 9		9.7
															MN 7 + 8		11.1
				Serravallian			Astaracian								MN 7 + 8		11.63
				Serravallian											MN 6		12.8 *
				Langhian											MN 5		13.82
				Burdigalian			Orleanian								MN 4		15.98
							Orleanian								MN 3		16.9
							Agenian								MN 2		20
				Aquitanian											MN 2		20.44
				Aquitanian											MN 1		22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian										Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Gashatan				56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Zechstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian						Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian						Wordian							264.28
Roadian				Roadian	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian		Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian		Hessian	Autunian		283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
			Sakmarian		Lenoxian			290.1
			Asselian		Nealian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian					Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian				Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		Ohesaare	419.2
								Bringewood/Elton		Ohesaare	421.3
								Bringewood/Elton		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian								425.6
			Gorstian					Buildwas			426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas		Rootsikula	427.4
							Wych	Woolhope		Rootsikula	428.4 *
										Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
										Adavere	434 *
											436.3 *
			Aeronian								438.5
							Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
										Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
	Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian		720
		Tonian		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																	1400