PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of England		Precambrian of Russia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of the Baltic	Carboniferous of North America	Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
				Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian					Bumbanian				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan					56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
				Induan									251.2
				Induan								Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Kathwai	251.902
													252.4 *
												Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian								Chhidru	254.14
												Kalabagh	255 *
												Wargal	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
				Wordian									264.28
													265.3 *
												Amb	266.1 *
				Roadian								Amb	266.9
				Roadian									270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
				Artinskian									283.5
				Sakmarian									290.1
				Asselian							Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian							Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian							Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian							Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian							Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian							Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian							Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chesterian		323.2
Visean				330.9							Chesterian
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Ohesaare	419.2
						Bringewood/Elton	Ohesaare	421.3
						Bringewood/Elton	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					425.6
			Gorstian			Buildwas		426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas	Rootsikula	427.4
					Wych	Woolhope	Rootsikula	428.4 *
							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
							Adavere	434 *
								436.3 *
			Aeronian					438.5
					Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
							Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
	Jiangshanian		489.5
	Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
													1400