PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of England	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Australia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of North America					Devonian of Germany	Silurian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Permian Subages of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Serravallian																	11.63
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian													33.9
				Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan													37.71
				Lutetian																	41.2
				Ypresian					Bumbanian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan													56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
				Kimmeridgian																	149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Pliensbachian																	184.2
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
				Norian																	208.5
				Carnian																	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																Buntsandstein	251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															Longtanian †	Buntsandstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																Ohre/Aller	259.51
				Wordian																Leine	264.28
				Roadian																	266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
				Artinskian																	283.5
				Sakmarian																	290.1
				Asselian																	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																	298.9
				Kasimovian																	303.7
				Moscovian																	307
				Bashkirian																	315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																	323.2
				Visean																	330.9
				Tournaisian																	346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden						358.9
Frasnian			Late Devonian	Adorf	372.2
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Givetian	382.7
Middle Devonian			Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Cayugan	419.2
					Bringewood/Elton	Cayugan	421.3
					Bringewood/Elton	Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
			Gorstian				425.6
			Gorstian		Buildwas		426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian		Buildwas		Lockportian			427.4
			Homerian	Wych	Woolhope		Lockportian			428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian					436.3 *
			Aeronian					438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
						Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian		443.8
			Katian						Gamachian		445.2
									Richmondian		446 *
						Eastonian			Richmondian		449 *
									Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian			450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
						Gisbornian						452 *
			Sandbian									453
									Turinian			453.7 *
								Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian							458.4
			Dapingian			Yapeenian							467.3
						Castlemainian							468.5 *
						Castlemainian			Rangerian				469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
						Bendigonian								471.8 *
						Lancefieldian								473.5 *
									Tulean					473.9 *
			Tremadocian						Tulean					477.7
									Stairsian					480.3 *
									Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
						Warendian							Demingian †	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10											Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10						Sunwaptan						487.5
			Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan						489.5
			Jiangshanian						Steptoean						493 *
			Paibian						Steptoean						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †					Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian											Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan											Stage 5 †		Topazan	504.5
			Wuliuan											Stage 5 †		Delamaran	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4												Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
			Stage 4													Dyeran	511 *
			Stage 3													Dyeran	514
																Montezuman	514.8 *
																Begadean	519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian		538.8
			Cryogenian																635
			Tonian																720
			Tonian														Karatau		800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau		1000
			Stenian														Yurmatian		1100
			Ectasian														Yurmatian		1200
			Ectasian														Burzyan		1375
																					1400