PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of England		Cambrian of Britain		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian							2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian							3
		Zanclean							Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian							Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian							13.82
									Clifdenian							15.1
								Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian							23.03
									Duntroonian							25.2
									Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
								Arnold	Runangan							34.6
									Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian							41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
									Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan							47.8
									Mangaorapan							48.9
									Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian							56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian							Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
									Mangaotanean							90.5
									Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan							93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
									Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan							100.5
									Urutawan							103.3
								Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian							Korangan							113
		Aptian														117.5
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian					425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian			Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Telychian					436.3 *
		Aeronian					438.5
		Aeronian			Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian		Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Cautleyan				448.9 *
								Pusgillian				449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
								Streffordian	Berounian	449.7 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Actonian †		453.2 *
			Marshbrookian †							Woolstonian †		454.2 *
			Longvillian †									455.2 *
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Aurelucian						456.8 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian											457.4 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
									Dobrotivian					458.5 *
									Oretanian					459.7 *
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †			467.3
									Arenigian					468
			Arenig				Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian							470
							Whitlandian							471.1 *
							Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc				Migneintian		Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadoc				Cressagian							480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Merioneth					Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10												Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian												Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian		Maentwrogian										493.1 *
		Paibian		Maentwrogian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		St Davids										497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai										509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																538.8