International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
  • F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleSilurian of EnglandOrdovician of ChinaEuropean Faunal ZonesPermian of North AmericaCambrian of KazakhstanSilurian of North AmericaCambrian of ChinaCenozoic SubepochsCambrian EpochsEuropean Faunal Units
QuaternaryPleistoceneLate PleistoceneLate Pleistocene0.0117
ChibanianMiddle Pleistocene0.129
CalabrianEarly Pleistocene0.774
GelasianMN 171.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianMN 16Late PlioceneVillanyian2.58
Ruscinian3.1 *
MN 153.2
ZancleanEarly Pliocene3.6
MN 144.2
MN 134.9
MioceneMessinianLate MioceneTurolian5.333
TortonianMN 127.246
MN 117.75
MN 10Vallesian8.7
MN 99.7
MN 7 + 811.1
SerravallianMiddle MioceneAstaracian11.63
MN 612.8 *
LanghianMN 513.82
BurdigalianMN 4Early MioceneOrleanian15.98
MN 316.9
MN 2Agenian20
Aquitanian20.44
MN 122.4
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianLate Oligocene23.03
RupelianEarly Oligocene27.82
EocenePriabonianLate Eocene33.9
BartonianMiddle Eocene37.71
Lutetian41.2
YpresianEarly Eocene47.8
PaleoceneThanetianLate Paleocene56
SelandianMiddle Paleocene59.2
DanianEarly Paleocene61.6
CretaceousLate CretaceousMaastrichtian66
Campanian72.1
Santonian83.6
Coniacian86.3
Turonian89.8
Cenomanian93.9
Early CretaceousAlbian100.5
Aptian113
Barremian121.4
Hauterivian125.77
Valanginian132.6
Berriasian139.8
JurassicLate JurassicTithonian145
Kimmeridgian149.2
Oxfordian154.8
Middle JurassicCallovian161.5
Bathonian165.3
Bajocian168.2
Aalenian170.9
Early JurassicToarcian174.7
Pliensbachian184.2
Sinemurian192.9
Hettangian199.5
TriassicLate TriassicRhaetian201.4
Norian208.5
Carnian227
Middle TriassicLadinian237
Anisian242
Early TriassicOlenekian247.2
Induan251.2
PermianLopingianChanghsingian251.902
Wuchiapingian254.14
GuadalupianCapitanianCapitanian259.51
WordianWordian264.28
RoadianRoadian266.9
CisuralianKungurianLeonardianCathedralian273.01
Hessian281.9 *
Artinskian283.5
WolfcampianLenoxian286.1 *
Sakmarian290.1
AsselianNealian293.52
CarboniferousPennsylvanianGzhelian298.9
Kasimovian303.7
Moscovian307
Bashkirian315.2
MississippianSerpukhovian323.2
Visean330.9
Tournaisian346.7
DevonianLate DevonianFamennian358.9
Frasnian372.2
Middle DevonianGivetian382.7
Eifelian387.7
Early DevonianEmsian393.3
Pragian407.6
Lochkovian410.8
SilurianPridoliRed Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton CastleWhitcliffe/LeintwardineCayugan419.2
Bringewood/Elton421.3
Niagaran422.5 *
LudlowLudfordianCoalbrookdaleWenlock (England)/Tickwood423
Gorstian425.6
Buildwas426.4 *
WenlockHomerianLockportian427.4
WychWoolhope428.4 *
Sheinwoodian430.5
LlandoveryTelychianOntarian433.4
436.3 *
Aeronian438.5
Alexandrian438.7 *
Cowleigh Park439.3 *
MedinanClinton440.1 *
440.7 *
Rhuddanian440.8
OrdovicianLate OrdovicianHirnantianHirnantianXiaoxita †/ShikouWufeng †443.8
KatianChientangkiangian445.2
Neichianshanian/Hanjiang449.5
Sandbian453
Middle OrdovicianDarriwilianDarriwilianGuniu †/Hulo458.4
Hunjiang †Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo466.3 *
DapingianDapingian467.3
Early OrdovicianFloianYiyangian470
TremadocianXinchangianUngurian477.7
Lianghekou †477.9 *
CambrianFurongianStage 10BatyrbaianNiucheheanTaoyuanian †Late Cambrian485.4
JiangshanianJiangshanian489.5
Aksaian490.7 *
Sakian492.2 *
PaibianPaibian494
Waergangian †/Youshuanian494.9 *
MiaolingianGuzhangianAyusokkanianGuzhangianWangcunian †Middle Cambrian497
499.5
DrumianZhanaarykianDrumian500.5
Tuesaian503
WuliuanWuliuan/Taijangian504.5
505.3
Series 2Stage 4DuyunianEarly Cambrian509
Toyonian510 *
Botomian512.5 *
Stage 3Nangaoian514
Atdabanian515.6 *
TerreneuvianStage 2TommotianMeishucunian521
525.5
Fortunian529
Jinnigian530.7
538.8