PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of England		Ordovician of Britain			Cambrian of North America		Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian										Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian										Early Pleistocene					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										Early Pliocene					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian										Late Miocene					7.246
		Serravallian										Middle Miocene					11.63
		Langhian										Middle Miocene					13.82
		Burdigalian										Early Miocene					15.98
		Aquitanian										Early Miocene					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene					33.9
		Bartonian										Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian										Middle Eocene					41.2
		Ypresian										Early Eocene					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian															259.51
		Wordian															264.28
		Roadian															266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
		Artinskian															283.5
		Sakmarian															290.1
		Asselian															293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
		Kasimovian															303.7
		Moscovian															307
		Bashkirian															315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian				425.6
		Gorstian			Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian		Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Telychian				436.3 *
		Aeronian				438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Cautleyan			448.9 *
							Pusgillian			449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
							Streffordian	Berounian			449.7 *
							Cheneyan				451.5 *
							Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Aurelucian							456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
									Liben †	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
								Dobrotivian						458.5 *
								Oretanian						459.7 *
							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
									Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †					467.3
								Arenigian						468
						Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian							470
							Whitlandian							471.1 *
							Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian	Tremadocian						477.7
						Tremadoc	Cressagian							480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan							485.4
		Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian													Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian													Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian													Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian							Albertian †	497
		Drumian						Marjumian								500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan								504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran							Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4						Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran								514
								Montezuman								514.8 *
								Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8