PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of England		Silurian of North America			Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan				150
											Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian									Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian									Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian									Warepan				208.5
											Otamitan				217
											Oretian				221
		Carnian									Oretian				227
		Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian									Etalian				238
		Anisian									Etalian				242
		Anisian									Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									Malakovian				247.2
		Olenekian									Nelsonian				249
		Induan									Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan								DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Makarewan	Buntsandstein			251.902
		Changhsingian									Waiitian				253.2
		Wuchiapingian									Waiitian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian									Puruhauan				254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller			259.51
		Wordian						Wordian			Flettian	Leine			264.28
		Wordian						Wordian			Barettian	Leine			266
		Roadian						Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Leonardian	Cathedralian						273.01
									Cathedralian		Mangapirian				276
									Hessian						281.9 *
		Artinskian													283.5
											Telfordian				285
								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		Telfordian				286.1 *
															288.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian							Nealian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
		Kasimovian													303.7
		Moscovian													307
		Bashkirian													315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian													323.2
		Visean													330.9
		Tournaisian													346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian													358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian													372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian													382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian													387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian													393.3
		Pragian													407.6
		Lochkovian													410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Cayugan										419.2
				Bringewood/Elton	Cayugan										421.3
				Bringewood/Elton	Niagaran										422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian				425.6
		Gorstian		Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian		Buildwas		Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian	Wych	Woolhope		Lockportian	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian					436.3 *
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian						438.7 *
			Cowleigh Park										439.3 *
					Medinan	Clinton							440.1 *
													440.7 *
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian											445.2
		Sandbian											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian											477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian											Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan											Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan											Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4											Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3											Dyeran		514
													Montezuman		514.8 *
													Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
															538.8