PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of England		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of China	Ordovician of North America						Cenozoic Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																Cenozoic 6		0
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian												Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian												Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Late Pliocene						2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian												Late Miocene						7.246
				Serravallian												Middle Miocene				Cenozoic 5		11.63
				Langhian												Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian												Early Miocene						15.98
				Aquitanian												Early Miocene						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene				Cenozoic 4		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												Early Oligocene				Cenozoic 4		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												Late Eocene				Cenozoic 3		33.9
				Bartonian												Middle Eocene				Cenozoic 3		37.71
				Lutetian												Middle Eocene				Cenozoic 2		41.2
				Ypresian												Early Eocene				Cenozoic 2		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Late Paleocene				Cenozoic 1		56
				Selandian												Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian												Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																Cretaceous 8		66
				Campanian																Cretaceous 7		72.1
				Santonian																Cretaceous 6		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																Cretaceous 5		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																Cretaceous 4		100.5
				Aptian																Cretaceous 3		113
				Barremian																Cretaceous 2		121.4
				Hauterivian																Cretaceous 2		125.77
				Valanginian																Cretaceous 1		132.6
				Berriasian																Cretaceous 1		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																Jurassic 6		145
				Kimmeridgian																Jurassic 5		149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian																Jurassic 4		165.3
				Bajocian																Jurassic 4		168.2
				Aalenian																Jurassic 3		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																Jurassic 3		174.7
				Pliensbachian																Jurassic 2		184.2
				Sinemurian																Jurassic 1		192.9
				Hettangian																Jurassic 1		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																Triassic 4		201.4
				Norian																Triassic 4		208.5
				Carnian																Triassic 3		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																Triassic 2		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																Triassic 2		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																Triassic 1		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan																Triassic 1		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																Permian 4		251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
				Wordian																		264.28
				Roadian																Permian 3		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian																Permian 2		273.01
				Artinskian																		283.5
				Sakmarian																		290.1
				Asselian																Permian 1		293.52
				Asselian			Kuzel													Permian 1		297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
					Xiaodushanian	300 *
						Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian				Stephanian A	303.7
							Cantabrian	305 *
					Dalaun			305.8 *
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
						Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
					Huashibanian		Westphalian A	318.5 *
						Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
					Lousuan		Marsdenian	321.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	Carboniferous 3		Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
				Shangsian			Pendleian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Carboniferous 2	330.9
				Jiusian	Warnantian	Brigantian †		335 *
					Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
			Tournaisian	Ivorian		Tangbagouan	Carboniferous 1	346.7
			Tournaisian	Hastarian		Tangbagouan	Carboniferous 1	353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian				Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian				Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Silurian 2	419.2
		Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian					Buildwas		426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas		427.4
			Homerian				Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Silurian 1	433.4
			Telychian							436.3 *
			Aeronian							438.5
			Aeronian				Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
			Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ordovician 5	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian							Gamachian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
										Richmondian		Kralodvorian		446 *
	Berounian									Richmondian		449.7 *
										Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
										Edenian				450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
			Sandbian							Chatfieldian	Ordovician 4			453
										Turinian				453.7 *
										Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Whiterockian			Canadian †		Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
													Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Ordovician 3						458.4
	Dobrotivian																458.5 *
	Oretanian																459.7 *
													Sarka †				461.7 *
			Dapingian								Ordovician 2		Klabava †				467.3
	Arenigian																468
										Rangerian							469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian							Tulean								473.9 *
	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1							Tulean	Tremadocian							477.7
										Stairsian								480.3 *
										Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Skullrockian						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Cambrian 5		485.4
		Stage 10																	Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian																	Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian																	Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian																	Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian														Marjumian	Albertian †		Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian														Marjumian			Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan														Topazan			Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan														Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4														Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3														Dyeran			Cambrian 2	514
																Montezuman				514.8 *
																Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																	Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																	Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian																			635
		Tonian			720
		Tonian			Karatau														800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		1000	Karatau
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																						1400