PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of England		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of the Salt Range	European Faunal Units	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Villanyian					2.58
				Piacenzian						Ruscinian					3.1 *
				Zanclean						Ruscinian					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian						Turolian					5.333
				Tortonian						Turolian					7.246
				Tortonian						Vallesian					8.7
				Serravallian						Astaracian					11.63
				Langhian						Astaracian					13.82
				Burdigalian						Orleanian					15.98
				Burdigalian						Agenian					20
				Aquitanian						Agenian					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
				Induan											251.2
				Induan					Kathwai						251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian		Kathwai						251.902
															252.4 *
									Chhidru						252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian		Chhidru						254.14
									Kalabagh						255 *
									Wargal						256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian								259.51
				Wordian											264.28
															265.3 *
									Amb						266.1 *
							Murgabian								266.2 *
				Roadian											266.9
				Roadian											270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian	Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian	Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian	Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean		Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine			419.2
		Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton			421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood			423
			Gorstian								425.6
			Gorstian					Buildwas			426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas			427.4
			Homerian				Wych	Woolhope			428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Telychian								436.3 *
			Aeronian								438.5
			Aeronian				Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
			Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Bolindian	443.8
			Katian								Bolindian	445.2
											Eastonian	449 *
											Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian								Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian								Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian								Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								Chewtonian	470
											Bendigonian	471.8 *
											Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian								Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian								Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
			Drumian									500.5
	Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan				1375
															1400