PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of England		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Devonian Subages
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras									168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense									168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta									174.7
					Planulata									179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi							179.8 *
					Kanense									181.3 *
					Carlottense									182.3 *
					Kunae									183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae									184.2
					Freboldi									185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras								186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras								189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis								190.3 *
		Sinemurian												192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras							196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
		Wuchiapingian								Zechstein		Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Tatarian	Vyatkian	Zechstein		Longtanian †		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Severodvinian	Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian							Urzhumian					264.28
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
				Filipovian				276.5 *
				Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian				Autunian	283.5
				Irginian					285.9 *
				Burtsevian					287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian					293.52
				Uskalykian					294.8
				Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean							Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian							Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian		358.9
									Middle Famennian		365.3 *
									Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian		372.2
									Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
									Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian		382.7
									Middle Givetian		383.7 *
									Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian							Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian							Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian							Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian							Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian							Late Lochkovian		410.8
									Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		419.2
	Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian											425.6
		Gorstian									Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian									Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian							Wych		Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
		Telychian											436.3 *
		Aeronian											438.5
		Aeronian							Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
		Rhuddanian							Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10					Sunwaptan		487.5
		Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan		489.5
		Jiangshanian					Steptoean		493 *
		Paibian					Steptoean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †		Marjumian		Albertian †			497
		Drumian					Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Waucoban †			Delamaran	509
		Stage 4										Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3										Dyeran	514
												Montezuman	514.8 *
												Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
														538.8