PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian Ages of Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Silurian of England		Ordovician of Australia	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian Epochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †								2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Serravallian										11.63
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian							Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites			168.2
				Bajocian								Humphresianum		168.4
				Aalenian							Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
											Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
				Pliensbachian							Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
				Sinemurian							Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
				Hettangian							Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian										283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Kasimovian										303.7
				Moscovian										307
				Bashkirian										315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
Visean				330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine			419.2
		Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton			421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood			423
			Gorstian					425.6
			Gorstian		Buildwas			426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian		Buildwas			Gleedonian	427.4
				Wych	Woolhope			Gleedonian	428.4 *
								Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Telychian					436.3 *
			Aeronian					438.5
			Aeronian	Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
			Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian	443.8
			Katian					Bolindian	445.2
								Eastonian	449 *
								Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian					Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian					Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian					Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian	470
								Bendigonian	471.8 *
								Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian					Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian					Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	Middle Cambrian		497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Early Cambrian		509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400