PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian Ages of Europe	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Calabrian										Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Gelasian										Early Pleistocene				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene				2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										Early Pliocene				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene				5.333
				Tortonian										Late Miocene				7.246
				Serravallian										Middle Miocene				11.63
				Langhian										Middle Miocene				13.82
				Burdigalian										Early Miocene				15.98
				Aquitanian										Early Miocene				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							Late Oligocene				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							Early Oligocene				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								Late Eocene				33.9
				Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								Middle Eocene				37.71
				Lutetian										Middle Eocene				41.2
				Ypresian			Bumbanian							Early Eocene				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan								Late Paleocene				56
				Selandian										Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Danian										Early Paleocene				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian														254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
				Wordian														264.28
				Roadian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian														293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
				Kasimovian														303.7
				Moscovian														307
				Bashkirian														315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian	Adorf			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec	Couvinien			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Pragian	Pragian	Coblencien			Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Lochkovian	Gedinnine			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni			443.8
			Katian				Pirgu			445.2
							Vormsi			449.6 *
							Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
							Oandu				452 *
			Sandbian				Keila			Idavere †	453
							Haljala				453.9
							Kukruse				456.4 *
							Uhaku			Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku				458.4
							Lasnamagi				458.9 *
							Aseri				460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
							Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Volkhov					467.3
			Dapingian				Billingen					469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg					473.7 *
			Tremadocian				Hunneberg					477.7
							Varangu					481.3 *
							Pakerort					482.2 *
												Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
			Jiangshanian												489.5
												Aksaian			490.7 *
												Sakian			492.2 *
	Paibian		494
	Paibian		Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian											494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian											497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian											499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian											500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan											509
			Toyonian									Lenian †		510 *
			Botomian											512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian											514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian											515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian											521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian											525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian									Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian														Burzyan	1375
																		1400