PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian Ages of Europe	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Cambrian of China		Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of England		Silurian of North America			Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Tarantian															0.0117
				Chibanian		Ionian															0.129
				Calabrian																	0.774
				Gelasian																	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Serravallian																	11.63
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
				Bartonian																	37.71
				Lutetian																	41.2
				Ypresian																	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													Oteke	Puaroan			145
				Kimmeridgian													Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
																	Kawhia	Ohauan			150
																		Heterian			154.5
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Callovian														Temaikan			164.3
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Toarcian													Herangi	Ururoan			176
				Pliensbachian														Ururoan			184.2
				Pliensbachian														Aratauran			188.9
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
				Norian														Warepan			208.5
																		Otamitan			217
																		Oretian			221
				Carnian														Oretian			227
				Carnian													Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														Kaihikuan			237
				Ladinian														Etalian			238
				Anisian														Etalian			242
				Anisian														Malakovian			246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														Malakovian			247.2
				Olenekian														Nelsonian			249
				Induan														Nelsonian			251.2
				Induan													DUrville	Makarewan			251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														Makarewan	Buntsandstein		251.902
Waiitian				Changhsingian	253.2
Waiitian				Wuchiapingian	254.14
Puruhauan				Wuchiapingian	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller	259.51
			Wordian	Wordian		Flettian	Leine	264.28
			Wordian	Wordian		Barettian	Leine	266
			Roadian	Roadian				266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Leonardian				Cathedralian	273.01
						Mangapirian		Cathedralian	276
								Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian			285
				Wolfcampian		Telfordian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
									288.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Cayugan	419.2
										Bringewood/Elton	Cayugan	421.3
										Bringewood/Elton	Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
			Gorstian									425.6
			Gorstian							Buildwas		426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas		Gleedonian	Lockportian	427.4
									Wych	Woolhope		Gleedonian		428.4 *
												Whitwellian		429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian											430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian										Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian											436.3 *
			Aeronian											438.5
														Alexandrian	438.7 *
									Cowleigh Park						439.3 *
											Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
															440.7 *
			Rhuddanian												440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian												443.8
			Katian												445.2
			Sandbian												453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian												467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian												470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian												477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10												Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10												Niuchehean			Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian												Jiangshanian			Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian												Paibian				494
			Paibian												Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian												Drumian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian		500.5
	Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian													Topazan	504.5
	Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian													Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian													Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Duyunian													Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian													Dyeran		514
																Montezuman		514.8 *
																Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian				521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian				529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian				530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian																		720
		Tonian															Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			1000												Karatau
		Stenian			Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																					1400