PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian Ages of Europe	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Silurian of England		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Silurian of the Baltic
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A											33.9
		Bartonian		MP 16											37.71
		Lutetian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11											41.2
		Ypresian		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		MP 6	MP 1 - 5										56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian						251.902
		Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian						254.14
		Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian		Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Midian			Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian							Midian			Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian							Murgabian			Urzhumian			266.2 *
		Roadian									Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian									Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kubergandian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
									Kubergandian			Filipovian			276.5 *
									Bolorian			Filipovian			279.8
												Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian									Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
												Irginian			285.9 *
									Yakhtashian			Irginian			286
									Yakhtashian			Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian							Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
												Uskalykian			294.8
												Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
		Kasimovian								Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian					307
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean	Middle Mississippian			330.9
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian		Emsian	393.3
		Pragian		Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		Ohesaare			419.2
					Bringewood/Elton		Ohesaare			421.3
					Bringewood/Elton		Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian			Buildwas					426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas		Gleedonian			Rootsikula			427.4
				Wych	Woolhope					Rootsikula			428.4 *
										Jaagarahu			429.2 *
							Whitwellian						429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian											430.5
		Sheinwoodian								Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian								Jaani			433.4
										Adavere			434 *
													436.3 *
		Aeronian											438.5
				Cowleigh Park									439.3 *
										Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian								Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian								Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian											445.2
		Sandbian											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian											477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
		Guzhangian											Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Branchian	509
		Stage 3											Branchian	514
		Stage 3											Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
															538.8