PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian Ages of Europe	European Faunal Zones	Permian of the Salt Range	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					0
				Northgrippian					0.0042
				Greenlandian					0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
				Chibanian					0.129
				Calabrian					0.774
				Gelasian		MN 17			1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		MN 16		Villanyian	2.58
						MN 16		Ruscinian	3.1 *
						MN 15			3.2
				Zanclean		MN 15			3.6
						MN 14			4.2
						MN 13			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian		MN 13		Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian		MN 12			7.246
						MN 11			7.75
						MN 10		Vallesian	8.7
						MN 9			9.7
						MN 7 + 8			11.1
				Serravallian		MN 7 + 8		Astaracian	11.63
				Serravallian		MN 6			12.8 *
				Langhian		MN 5			13.82
				Burdigalian		MN 4		Orleanian	15.98
						MN 3		Orleanian	16.9
						MN 2		Agenian	20
				Aquitanian		MN 2			20.44
				Aquitanian		MN 1			22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					33.9
				Bartonian					37.71
				Lutetian					41.2
				Ypresian					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					56
				Selandian					59.2
				Danian					61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
				Campanian					72.1
				Santonian					83.6
				Coniacian					86.3
				Turonian					89.8
				Cenomanian					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
				Aptian					113
				Barremian					121.4
				Hauterivian					125.77
				Valanginian					132.6
				Berriasian					139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
				Kimmeridgian					149.2
				Oxfordian					154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
				Bathonian					165.3
				Bajocian					168.2
				Aalenian					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
				Pliensbachian					184.2
				Sinemurian					192.9
				Hettangian					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
				Norian					208.5
				Carnian					227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
			Induan	251.2
			Induan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai	251.902
					252.4 *
				Chhidru	252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian	Chhidru	254.14
				Kalabagh	255 *
				Wargal	256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
					265.3 *
				Amb	266.1 *
			Roadian	Amb	266.9
			Roadian		270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian		Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					538.8
		Cryogenian					635
		Tonian					720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					1000
		Ectasian					1200
		Calymmian					1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian					1600
		Orosirian					1800
		Rhyacian					2050
		Siderian					2300
Archean	Neoarchean						2500
	Mesoarchean						2800
	Paleoarchean						3200
	Eoarchean						3600
Hadean							4000
									4600