PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian Ages of Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia	European Faunal Units	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian		Villanyian				2.58
					Waipipian		Villanyian				3
							Ruscinian				3.1 *
		Zanclean									3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean		Turolian				5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
							Vallesian				8.7
				Southland	Waiauan		Vallesian				11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan		Astaracian				11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian						13.82
					Clifdenian						15.1
				Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian		Orleanian				15.98
					Otaian		Orleanian				18.7
							Agenian				20
		Aquitanian									20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian						23.03
					Duntroonian						25.2
					Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Arnold	Runangan						34.6
					Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian						41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
					Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan						47.8
					Mangaorapan						48.9
					Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian						56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian			Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
					Mangaotanean						90.5
					Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan						93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
					Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan						100.5
					Urutawan						103.3
				Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian			Korangan						113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian		427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian		429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan		445.2
							Cautleyan		448.9 *
							Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
							Pusgillian		449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan			451.5 *
							Cheneyan	Gisbornian		452 *
							Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian			453
					Actonian †				453.2 *
					Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †					455.2 *
					Longvillian †		Aurelucian			456.8 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian	458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian	461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian	467.3
			Arenig			Fennian		Yapeenian	468.4 *
								Castlemainian	468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian	470
						Whitlandian		Chewtonian	471.1 *
								Bendigonian	471.8 *
								Lancefieldian	473.5 *
						Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian			477.7
						Cressagian			480.8 *
						Cressagian		Warendian	482.8 *
								Warendian	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Branchian	509
		Stage 3							Branchian	514
		Stage 3							Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
											538.8