PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian Ages of Europe	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Mesozoic Subages		Silurian of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
				Campanian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
				Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
				Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
				Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
				Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Late Albian			100.5
												Middle Albian			106.2 *
												Early Albian			109.9 *
				Aptian								Late Aptian			113
				Aptian								Early Aptian			119.5 *
				Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
				Hauterivian								Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
				Valanginian								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
				Berriasian								Late Berriasian			139.8
												Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
												Early Berriasian			142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
				Tithonian								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian								Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
				Kimmeridgian								Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
				Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
				Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
				Bathonian								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
				Bajocian								Late Bajocian			168.2
				Bajocian								Early Bajocian			168.6 *
				Aalenian								Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Late Toarcian			174.7
												Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
												Early Toarcian			182.9 *
				Pliensbachian								Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
				Sinemurian								Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
				Hettangian								Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian								Sevatian			208.5
												Alaunian			213.2 *
												Lacian			216.7 *
				Carnian								Tuvalian			227
				Carnian								Julian			233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Longobardian			237
				Ladinian								Fassanian			239.7 *
				Anisian								Illyrian			242
												Pelsonian			243.8 *
												Bithynian			244.7 *
												Aegean			245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								Spathian			247.2
				Olenekian								Smithian			248.9 *
				Induan								Dienerian			251.2
				Induan								Griesbachian			251.4 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian											264.28
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
				Artinskian											283.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
				Kasimovian											303.7
				Moscovian											307
				Bashkirian											315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
Visean				330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian	Rootsikula	427.4
				Gleedonian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
				Whitwellian		429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian		Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian		443.8
			Katian		Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian		Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian					453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
					Dobrotivian					458.5 *
					Oretanian					459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian		Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †		Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
															635