PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian Ages of Europe	Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of the Baltic	Mesozoic Subages
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
				Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
				Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
				Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
				Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian		100.5
								Middle Albian		106.2 *
								Early Albian		109.9 *
				Aptian				Late Aptian		113
				Aptian				Early Aptian		119.5 *
				Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
				Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
				Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
				Berriasian				Late Berriasian		139.8
								Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
								Early Berriasian		142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
				Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
				Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
				Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
				Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
				Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
				Bajocian				Late Bajocian		168.2
				Bajocian				Early Bajocian		168.6 *
				Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian		174.7
								Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
								Early Toarcian		182.9 *
				Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
				Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
				Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
				Norian				Sevatian		208.5
								Alaunian		213.2 *
								Lacian		216.7 *
				Carnian				Tuvalian		227
				Carnian				Julian		233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian		237
				Ladinian				Fassanian		239.7 *
				Anisian				Illyrian		242
								Pelsonian		243.8 *
								Bithynian		244.7 *
								Aegean		245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian		247.2
				Olenekian				Smithian		248.9 *
				Induan				Dienerian		251.2
				Induan				Griesbachian		251.4 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
				Wordian						264.28
				Roadian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
				Artinskian						283.5
				Sakmarian						290.1
				Asselian						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
				Kasimovian						303.7
				Moscovian						307
				Bashkirian						315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
Visean				330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	358.9
				Middle Famennian	365.3 *
				Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian	372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian	383.7 *
				Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Gleedonian		Rootsikula	427.4
				Gleedonian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
				Whitwellian			429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
			Telychian			Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian						Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau	1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan	1375
										1400