PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian Ages of Europe	Precambrian of Russia	Mesozoic Subages		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian Subages
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
				Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
				Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
				Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
				Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
				Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian				100.5
							Middle Albian				106.2 *
							Early Albian				109.9 *
				Aptian			Late Aptian				113
				Aptian			Early Aptian				119.5 *
				Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
				Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
				Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
				Berriasian			Late Berriasian				139.8
							Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
							Early Berriasian				142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
				Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
				Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
				Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
				Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
				Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
				Bajocian			Late Bajocian				168.2
				Bajocian			Early Bajocian				168.6 *
				Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian				174.7
							Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
							Early Toarcian				182.9 *
				Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
				Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
				Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
				Norian			Sevatian				208.5
							Alaunian				213.2 *
							Lacian				216.7 *
				Carnian			Tuvalian				227
				Carnian			Julian				233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian				237
				Ladinian			Fassanian				239.7 *
				Anisian			Illyrian				242
							Pelsonian				243.8 *
							Bithynian				244.7 *
							Aegean				245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian				247.2
				Olenekian			Smithian				248.9 *
				Induan			Dienerian				251.2
				Induan			Griesbachian				251.4 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
				Wordian							264.28
				Roadian							266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
				Artinskian							283.5
				Sakmarian							290.1
				Asselian					Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian					Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian					Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian					Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian					Atokan		312.7 *
Bashkirian				315.2					Atokan
Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean	Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli				Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian		Rootsikula	427.4
						Gleedonian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
						Whitwellian			429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
			Telychian					Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
	Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
											1400