PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian Ages of Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Precambrian of Russia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian										0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Chibanian											Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian											Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian											Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian											Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian											Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean							Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian											Waipipian			3
				Zanclean											Waipipian			3.6
															Opoitian			3.7
								Baodean							Opoitian			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian										Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian											Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian											Tongaporutuan			7.246
														Southland	Waiauan			11.04
								Tunggurian										11.1
				Serravallian														11.63
				Serravallian											Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian				Shanwangian							Lillburnian			13.82
															Clifdenian			15.1
														Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian														15.98
								Xiejiaan										16.9
															Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian											Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian										Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
															Duntroonian			25.2
															Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian												Kekeamuan		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
														Arnold	Runangan			34.6
															Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian											Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
				Bartonian											Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian											Bortonian			41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
															Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian											Heretaungan		Bumbanian	47.8
															Mangaorapan			48.9
															Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Teurian	Gashatan		56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian											Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian											Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian										Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
															Mangaotanean			90.5
															Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian											Arowhanan			93.9
														Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
															Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											Motuan			100.5
															Urutawan			103.3
														Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian											Korangan			113
				Aptian														117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian			264.28
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
			Artinskian		Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †	298.9
			Kasimovian			Mapingian †	303.7
			Kasimovian				305.9
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	Rootsikula	427.4
							Gleedonian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
							Whitwellian		429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
			Telychian					Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian		443.8
			Katian					Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian					Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
				Dobrotivian				458.5 *
				Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †				461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †				467.3
			Dapingian	Arenigian								468
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ungurian				Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian									485.4
			Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian									489.5
				Aksaian									490.7 *
				Sakian									492.2 *
			Paibian	Sakian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian									497
			Guzhangian										499.5
			Drumian	Zhanaarykian									500.5
			Drumian	Tuesaian									503
			Wuliuan	Tuesaian									504.5
			Wuliuan	505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4	509
Toyonian				510 *
Botomian				512.5 *
Botomian			Stage 3	514
Atdabanian			Stage 3	515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian	521
		Stage 2		525.5
		Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian				720
		Tonian				Karatau							800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau							1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian							1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian							1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan							1375
																		1400