PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian Ages of Europe	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	European Faunal Units	Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Villanyian							2.58
				Piacenzian			Ruscinian							3.1 *
				Zanclean			Ruscinian							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Turolian							5.333
				Tortonian			Turolian							7.246
				Tortonian			Vallesian							8.7
				Serravallian			Astaracian							11.63
				Langhian			Astaracian							13.82
				Burdigalian			Orleanian							15.98
				Burdigalian			Agenian							20
				Aquitanian			Agenian							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian	66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic	100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian									Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
				Induan										251.2
				Induan								Kathwai		251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Kathwai		251.902
														252.4 *
												Chhidru		252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian								Chhidru		254.14
												Kalabagh		255 *
												Wargal		256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
														265.3 *
												Amb		266.1 *
				Roadian								Amb		266.9
				Roadian										270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
Artinskian				283.5
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †	Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian	Mapingian †	Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian		Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian		Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian		Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian		Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian		Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	323.2
			Visean		Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Pragian			Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian		489.5
								Aksaian		490.7 *
								Sakian		492.2 *
			Paibian					Sakian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian	Middle Cambrian	497
			Guzhangian							499.5
			Drumian					Zhanaarykian		500.5
			Drumian					Tuesaian		503
			Wuliuan					Tuesaian		504.5
			Wuliuan							505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian						509
								Toyonian	510 *
								Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian	514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian	521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
														1400