PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of North America		European Faunal Zones	Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of North America			Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
				Chibanian																	0.129
				Chibanian																Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian																Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian																Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian				MN 17												Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian				MN 17												Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				MN 16												Mangapanian	2.58
								MN 16												Waipipian	3
								MN 15													3.2
				Zanclean																	3.6
																				Opoitian	3.7
								MN 14													4.2
								MN 13													4.9
			Miocene	Messinian															Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian																Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian				MN 12													7.246
								MN 11													7.75
								MN 10													8.7
								MN 9													9.7
								MN 9											Southland	Waiauan	11.04
								MN 7 + 8													11.1
				Serravallian				MN 7 + 8													11.63
								MN 6													12.8 *
								MN 6												Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian				MN 5												Lillburnian	13.82
																				Clifdenian	15.1
																			Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian				MN 4													15.98
								MN 3													16.9
								MN 3												Otaian	18.7
								MN 2													20
				Aquitanian																	20.44
																			Landon	Waitakian	21.7
								MN 1													22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
																				Duntroonian	25.2
																				Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian																	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
																			Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																				Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian																Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian																Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian																Bortonian	41.2
																			Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																				Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian																Heretaungan	47.8
																				Mangaorapan	48.9
																				Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian																Teurian	56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian																Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian																Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian															Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
																				Mangaotanean	90.5
																				Arowhanan	93.7
Cenomanian				93.9																Arowhanan
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
Early Cretaceous			Albian		Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
			Aptian		Korangan	113
			Aptian			117.5
			Barremian			121.4
			Hauterivian			125.77
			Valanginian			132.6
			Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian			Wordian	Midian		264.28
			Wordian			Wordian	Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian			Roadian	Murgabian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian		Kubergandian	273.01
							Cathedralian		Bolorian	279.8
							Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian					283.5
								Yakhtashian	286
						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	Yakhtashian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian				Lenoxian	Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian				Nealian	Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian						Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian						Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan		419.2
		Pridoli							Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								Gleedonian	Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian								Whitwellian	Lockportian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian										430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian									Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian										438.5
													Alexandrian	438.7 *
									Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
														440.7 *
			Rhuddanian											440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian											Pirgu	445.2
														Vormsi	449.6 *
														Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
													Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
				Oandu										452 *
			Sandbian	Keila										Idavere †	453
				Haljala											453.9
				Kukruse											456.4 *
				Uhaku										Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Uhaku											458.4
				Lasnamagi											458.9 *
				Aseri											460.4 *
				Oeland									Kunda		462.9 *
													Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
													Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian										Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian										Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian													470
														Latorp †		470.1 *
													Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian										Hunneberg			477.7
													Varangu			481.3 *
Pakerort													482.2 *
Pakerort	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
			Jiangshanian											489.5
			Paibian											494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
			Drumian											500.5
			Wuliuan											504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4											509
		Series 2	Stage 3											514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian				635
			Tonian				720
			Tonian			Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau	1000
			Stenian			Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian			Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
																					1400