PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of North America		Silurian of North America			Ordovician of Britain			Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cenozoic Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene	0.0117
				Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene	0.129
				Calabrian												Early Pleistocene	0.774
				Gelasian												Early Pleistocene	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Late Pliocene	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												Early Pliocene	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene	5.333
				Tortonian												Late Miocene	7.246
				Serravallian												Middle Miocene	11.63
				Langhian												Middle Miocene	13.82
				Burdigalian												Early Miocene	15.98
				Aquitanian												Early Miocene	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												Early Oligocene	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												Late Eocene	33.9
				Bartonian												Middle Eocene	37.71
				Lutetian												Middle Eocene	41.2
				Ypresian												Early Eocene	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Late Paleocene	56
				Selandian												Middle Paleocene	59.2
				Danian												Early Paleocene	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian											259.51
				Wordian		Wordian											264.28
				Roadian		Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian										273.01
				Kungurian			Hessian										281.9 *
				Artinskian			Hessian										283.5
				Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian										286.1 *
				Sakmarian			Lenoxian										290.1
				Asselian			Nealian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
				Kasimovian													303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Cayugan	Ohesaare			419.2
				Cayugan	Kaugetuma			421.7 *
				Niagaran	Kaugetuma			422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian		Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian			Lockportian	Rootsikula	427.4
					Gleedonian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
					Whitwellian					429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian						Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian							438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
									Raikkula		439.4 *
				Medinan				Clinton			440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian										453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
											Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian							Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								Fennian			470
											Whitlandian			471.1 *
	Moridunian										474.3 *
	Tremadocian		Tremadoc							Migneintian	477.7
			Tremadoc							Cressagian	480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
	Series 2	Stage 3				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †			Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †			Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635