PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian Ages of Europe	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous Subepochs
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian			Pannonian								7.246
		Serravallian			Sarmatian								11.63
		Serravallian			Badenian								12.8 *
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Senonian	66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Gallic	100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian										Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Melekhovian		251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					Zechstein				254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Tatarian	Vyatkian		Zechstein				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			Severodvinian		Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Urzhumian						264.28
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Urzhumian				Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Povolzhian						266.9
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Sokian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian						273.01
							Filipovian						276.5 *
							Filipovian				Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
							Saraninian						280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian		Autunian				283.5
							Irginian						285.9 *
							Irginian				Rusavkinian		287.6 *
							Burtsevian						287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian						290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian						291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian						293.52
			Uskalykian				294.8
			Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian			303.7
					Khamovnikian			304.8
					Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian			307
					Podolskian			308.9 *
					Kashirian			311.4 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian			315.2
					Cheremshanian			316.9 *
					Prikamian			318.6 *
					Severokeltmian			319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
					Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian			323.2
					Protvian			324.4 *
					Steshevian			326.8 *
					Tarusian			329 *
		Visean			Venevian			330.9
					Mikhailovian			331.9 *
					Aleksinian			333.7 *
					Tulian			335.8 *
					Bobrikian			339.9 *
					Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian			346.7
					Kizelian			350.7 *
					Cherepetian			351.9 *
					Karakubian			354.4 *
					Upinian			356.3 *
					Malevkian			357.6 *
					Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian				358.9
					Middle Famennian				365.3 *
					Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian				372.2
					Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
					Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian				382.7
					Middle Givetian				383.7 *
					Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian				387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian				393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian				398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian				410.8
					Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian					427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian					429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
			Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian				453
						Actonian †	453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †			454.2 *
						Longvillian †				455.2 *
			Aurelucian			Longvillian †				456.8 *
			Aurelucian			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig			Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian				470
						Whitlandian				471.1 *
						Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian				477.7
			Tremadoc			Cressagian				480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Branchian	509
		Stage 3								Branchian	514
		Stage 3								Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
													538.8