PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America						Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of China			Ordovician of the Baltic
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †																2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †								Zechstein							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											Rotliegendes							259.51
		Wordian																		264.28
		Roadian																		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
		Artinskian											Autunian							283.5
		Sakmarian																		290.1
		Asselian																		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
		Kasimovian													Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
		Moscovian													Middle Pennsylvanian					307
		Bashkirian													Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian													Late Mississippian					323.2
		Visean													Middle Mississippian					330.9
		Tournaisian													Early Mississippian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian	Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani			433.4
		Telychian	Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian	Chientangkiangian				Pirgu	445.2
						Richmondian	Chientangkiangian					446 *
							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
											Vormsi	449.6 *
						Maysvillian					Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
						Maysvillian					Nabala			Johvi †		450 *
						Edenian					Nabala					450.4 *
						Edenian				Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
				Mohawkian		Chatfieldian					Rakvere					451.1 *
											Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian									Keila			Idavere †		453
						Turinian					Keila					453.7 *
											Haljala					453.9
											Kukruse					456.4 *
				Whiterockian							Kukruse	Canadian †				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			Uhaku						458.4
											Lasnamagi						458.9 *
											Aseri						460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
														Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
								Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo								466.3 *
											Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Dapingian											467.3
						Rangerian												469.1 *
						Rangerian					Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian		Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †									Cassinian †		Yiyangian	470
					Latorp †												470.1 *
											Hunneberg						473.7 *
						Tulean											473.9 *
		Tremadocian															Ungurian	Xinchangian	477.7
									Lianghekou †										477.9 *
						Stairsian													480.3 *
						Stairsian					Varangu								481.3 *
						Skullrockian					Varangu		Demingian †			482 *
											Pakerort		Demingian †			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian		Pakerort							485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
																		487.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
									Aksaian						490.7 *
									Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian							Sakian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †						Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian																499.5
		Drumian													Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian													Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan													Tuesaian			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan																Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4																	509
															Toyonian				510 *
															Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3													Botomian				514
		Stage 3													Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													Tommotian				521
																				525.5