PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Ordovician of the Baltic			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Tertiary †												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian														11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
				Bartonian											Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian												Bumbanian		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Gashatan			56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Lancian/Edmontonian									66
				Campanian					Judithian/Aquilan									72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †											254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
				Wordian														264.28
				Roadian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian													Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													Virgilian	298.9
				Kasimovian													Missourian	303.7
				Kasimovian													Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian													Desmoinesian	307
				Moscovian													Atokan	312.7 *
				Bashkirian													Atokan	315.2
				Bashkirian													Morrowan	318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian													Chesterian	323.2
Visean				330.9													Chesterian
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian			393.3
			Pragian		Siegen			407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Ohesaare					419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma					421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare					423
			Ludfordian		Paadla					423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian		Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju			Porkuni	443.8
			Katian						Pirgu	445.2
									Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
						Viru			Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Kukruse		456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland			Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian						Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian						Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
	Hunneberg								473.7 *
	Hunneberg		Tremadocian						477.7
	Varangu						481.3 *
	Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
										Sunwaptan		487.5
			Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan		489.5
			Jiangshanian							Steptoean		493 *
			Paibian							Steptoean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	Marjumian		Albertian †	497
			Drumian							Marjumian			500.5
			Wuliuan							Stage 5 †			Topazan	504.5
			Wuliuan							Stage 5 †			Delamaran	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
			Stage 4										Dyeran	511 *
			Stage 3										Dyeran	514
													Montezuman	514.8 *
													Begadean	519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																		635