PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of the Baltic	South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of China		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Lujanian				Nihewanian						0.0117
				Chibanian		Lujanian										0.129
				Chibanian		Ensenadan										0.3 *
				Calabrian		Ensenadan										0.774
				Calabrian		Sanandresian	Uquian †									1.7 *
				Gelasian		Sanandresian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Vorohuean				Yushean					Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian		Chapadmalalan										2.9 *
				Zanclean		Chapadmalalan										3.6
						Montehermosan										3.7 *
						Huayquerian				Baodean						4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
						Chasicoan										7.9 *
						Mayoan										9.9 *
						Laventan										10.9 *
										Tunggurian						11.1
				Serravallian												11.63
				Serravallian		Colloncuran										13.7 *
				Langhian		Colloncuran				Shanwangian						13.82
				Langhian		Friasian										15.4 *
				Burdigalian		Friasian										15.98
						Santacrucian										16.2 *
						Santacrucian				Xiejiaan						16.9
						Colhuehuapian										17.4 *
				Aquitanian		Colhuehuapian										20.44
				Aquitanian		Deseadan										20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Rupelian												27.82
				Rupelian		Tinguirirican										28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian		Tinguirirican										33.9
				Priabonian		Divisaderan										35.9 *
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Lutetian		Mustersan										41.9 *
				Ypresian		Mustersan										47.8
				Ypresian		Casamayoran										47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Riochican										56
						Itaboraian										56.9 *
						Peligran										58.9 *
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
				Danian		Tiupampan										62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian			259.51
			Wordian	Midian			264.28
			Wordian	Murgabian			266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian			273.01
			Kungurian	Bolorian			279.8
			Artinskian	Bolorian			283.5
			Artinskian	Yakhtashian			286
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian	Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †				298.9
			Kasimovian	Mapingian †				303.7
			Kasimovian					305.9
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5		Jaagarahu
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani		433.4
			Telychian			Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian					Paibian		494
			Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian					Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
			Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian				Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Duyunian						509
		Series 2	Stage 3		Nangaoian						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian						521
			Fortunian		Meishucunian						529
			Fortunian		Jinnigian						530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635