PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of the Baltic	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages			Silurian Ages of Europe	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean								0
				Meghalayan		Santarosean								0.0004
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean								0.014
				Chibanian		Rancholabrean								0.129
				Chibanian		Irvingtonian								0.21
				Calabrian		Irvingtonian								0.774
				Calabrian		Blancan								1.4
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
				Zanclean										3.6
				Zanclean		Hemphillian								4.7
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Tortonian		Clarendonian								9.4
				Serravallian		Clarendonian								11.63
				Serravallian		Barstovian								12.5
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
						Hemingfordian								16.3
						Arikareean								18.5
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
				Rupelian										27.82
						Whitneyan								29.5
						Orellan								31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian								33.9
				Priabonian		Duchesnean								37
				Bartonian		Duchesnean								37.71
				Bartonian		Uintan								39.7
				Lutetian		Uintan								41.2
				Lutetian		Bridgerian								46.2
				Ypresian		Bridgerian								47.8
						Wasatchian								50.5
						Clarkforkian								54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian								56
				Thanetian		Tiffanian								56.2
				Selandian		Tiffanian								59.2
				Selandian		Torrejonian								60.9
				Danian		Torrejonian								61.6
				Danian		Puercan								63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
			Induan	251.2
			Induan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai	251.902
					252.4 *
				Chhidru	252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian	Chhidru	254.14
				Kalabagh	255 *
				Wargal	256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
					265.3 *
				Amb	266.1 *
			Roadian	Amb	266.9
			Roadian		270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Bursumian †		293.52
			Asselian		Bursumian †		Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian		Kuzel	298.9
							Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian		Missourian			Stephanian A	303.7
					Missourian			Cantabrian	305 *
					Desmoinesian				305.9 *
			Moscovian						307
							Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
					Atokan			Westphalian C	312.7 *
								Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
					Morrowan			Westphalian A	318.4 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian		320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
						Alportian		322 *
						Chokierian		323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	Chokierian		323.2
						Arnsbergian		324 *
						Pendleian		327.4 *
			Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Meramecian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	335.8 *
						Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
					Osagean	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Osagean	Ivorian		346.7
					Kinderhookian	Ivorian		351.9 *
					Kinderhookian	Hastarian		353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	Gleedonian	427.4
								Jaagarahu	Gleedonian	429.2 *
									Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
Jaani			Sheinwoodian					431.8 *
Jaani		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
Adavere			Telychian					434 *
Adavere			Aeronian					438.5
Raikkula			Aeronian					439.4 *
Raikkula			Rhuddanian					440.8
Juuru			Rhuddanian					441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan		487.5
		Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan		489.5
		Jiangshanian						Steptoean		493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian				Albertian †		497
		Drumian		Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan		Topazan						504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran				Waucoban †		509
		Stage 4		Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran						514
				Montezuman						514.8 *
				Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635