PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127681 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of the Baltic	North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Britain				Mammal Paleogene Zones		Ordovician of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean										0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean										0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean								Late Pleistocene		0.014
		Chibanian		Rancholabrean								Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Chibanian		Irvingtonian								Middle Pleistocene		0.21
		Calabrian		Irvingtonian								Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Calabrian		Blancan										1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene		2.58
		Zanclean										Early Pliocene		3.6
		Zanclean		Hemphillian								Early Pliocene		4.7
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Tortonian		Clarendonian										9.4
		Serravallian		Clarendonian								Middle Miocene		11.63
		Serravallian		Barstovian										12.5
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian										Early Miocene		15.98
				Hemingfordian										16.3
				Arikareean										18.5
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		Late Oligocene		23.03
		Rupelian							MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21			Early Oligocene		27.82
				Whitneyan										29.5
				Orellan										31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian					MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			Late Eocene		33.9
		Priabonian		Duchesnean					MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			Late Eocene		37
		Bartonian		Duchesnean					MP 16			Middle Eocene		37.71
		Bartonian		Uintan					MP 16					39.7
		Lutetian		Uintan					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11					41.2
		Lutetian		Bridgerian					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11					46.2
		Ypresian		Bridgerian					MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			Early Eocene		47.8
				Wasatchian										50.5
				Clarkforkian										54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian					MP 6	MP 1 - 5		Late Paleocene		56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian					MP 6			Late Paleocene		56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian								Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian								Middle Paleocene		60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian								Early Paleocene		61.6
		Danian		Puercan								Early Paleocene		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian		300 *
		Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian		303.7
		Kasimovian	Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
			Huashibanian		318.5 *
			Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian		323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian		330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian		330.9
		Visean	Jiusian		335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian		Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan		445.2
						Cautleyan		448.9 *
						Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
						Pusgillian		449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan			451.5 *
						Cheneyan	Gisbornian		452 *
						Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian		461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian		467.3
					Arenig	Fennian		Yapeenian		468.4 *
								Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian		470
						Whitlandian		Chewtonian		471.1 *
								Bendigonian		471.8 *
								Lancefieldian		473.5 *
						Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
						Cressagian				480.8 *
								Warendian		482.8 *
										Mansian †	483.55 *
										Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian								Batyrbaian			489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian											494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian								Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan								Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Amgan/Solvan			509
										Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
			Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian							514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian								521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian							Manykaian †	529
														538.8