PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of the Baltic	Mammal Paleogene Zones		North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of North America		Ordovician of China			Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean							Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Meghalayan				Santarosean										0.0004
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean										0.014
				Chibanian				Rancholabrean										0.129
								Irvingtonian										0.21
																Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian														0.774
								Blancan										1.4
																Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian												Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian												Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Mangapanian		2.58
				Piacenzian												Waipipian		3
				Zanclean												Waipipian		3.6
																Opoitian		3.7
								Hemphillian								Opoitian		4.7
			Miocene	Messinian											Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian												Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian													Pannonian	7.246
								Clarendonian										9.4
															Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian													Sarmatian	11.63
								Barstovian									Sarmatian	12.5
																	Badenian	12.8 *
																Lillburnian	Badenian	13.05
				Langhian												Lillburnian		13.82
																Clifdenian		15.1
															Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian														15.98
								Hemingfordian										16.3
								Arikareean										18.5
																Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian												Otaian		20.44
				Aquitanian											Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25									Waitakian		23.03
																Duntroonian		25.2
																Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21												27.82
								Whitneyan										29.5
								Orellan										31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Chadronian										33.9
															Arnold	Runangan		34.6
																Kaiatan		36.7
								Duchesnean										37
				Bartonian		MP 16												37.71
																Bortonian		39.1
								Uintan										39.7
				Lutetian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11												41.2
															Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
																Heretaungan		45.7
								Bridgerian										46.2
				Ypresian		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7												47.8
																Mangaorapan		48.9
								Wasatchian								Mangaorapan		50.5
								Wasatchian								Waipawan		52
								Clarkforkian								Waipawan		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Clarkforkian								Teurian		56
				Thanetian		MP 6		Tiffanian										56.2
				Selandian				Tiffanian										59.2
				Selandian				Torrejonian										60.9
				Danian				Torrejonian										61.6
Puercan	63.8			Danian
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Senonian	Mata	Haumurian	66
			Campanian						Haumurian	72.1
			Santonian						Piripauan	83.6
			Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
			Coniacian							86.3
			Turonian							89.8
									Mangaotanean	90.5
									Arowhanan	93.7
			Cenomanian						Arowhanan	93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
									Motuan	99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic		Motuan	100.5
									Urutawan	103.3
								Taitai	Korangan	108.4
			Aptian						Korangan	113
			Aptian							117.5
			Barremian							121.4
			Hauterivian				Neocomian			125.77
			Valanginian							132.6
			Berriasian							139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
			Kimmeridgian							149.2
			Oxfordian							154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
			Bathonian							165.3
			Bajocian							168.2
			Aalenian							170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
			Pliensbachian							184.2
			Sinemurian							192.9
			Hettangian							199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
			Norian							208.5
			Carnian							227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan							251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian							Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian							Wordian	264.28
			Roadian							Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian							Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian								Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian								Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian								Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian								Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
			Kasimovian									303.7
			Moscovian									307
			Bashkirian									315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
			Visean									330.9
			Tournaisian									346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare						419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
			Telychian	Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou						Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian		Chientangkiangian				445.2			Wufeng †
			Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
			Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
			Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Hunjiang †			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo			466.3 *
			Dapingian		Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian		470
			Tremadocian		Xinchangian		477.7
							Lianghekou †	477.9 *
							Lianghekou †	Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	Tavgian †			Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian					489.5
								Aksaian					490.7 *
								Sakian					492.2 *
			Paibian										494
			Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian					497
			Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian					499.5
			Drumian					Mayan/Menevian					500.5
			Wuliuan					Amgan/Solvan					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Amgan/Solvan					509
								Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
								Botomian					512.5 *
Stage 3			514					Botomian
Stage 3			Atdabanian						515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian						521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian					Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †				Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †				Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635