PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of the Baltic	Cambrian Epochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6									0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian			0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Yushean	Tertiary †		2.58
				Zanclean											Yushean			3.6
				Zanclean											Baodean			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Tortonian											Tunggurian			11.1
				Serravallian					Cenozoic 5						Tunggurian			11.63
				Langhian											Shanwangian			13.82
				Burdigalian											Shanwangian			15.98
				Burdigalian											Xiejiaan			16.9
				Aquitanian											Xiejiaan			20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3									33.9
				Bartonian					Cenozoic 3									37.71
				Lutetian					Cenozoic 2									41.2
				Ypresian					Cenozoic 2									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1									56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8									66
				Campanian					Cretaceous 7									72.1
				Santonian					Cretaceous 6									83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4									100.5
				Aptian					Cretaceous 3									113
				Barremian					Cretaceous 2									121.4
				Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2									125.77
				Valanginian					Cretaceous 1									132.6
				Berriasian					Cretaceous 1									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6	Oteke	Puaroan							145
				Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5	Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan							150
											Heterian							154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian							Temaikan							164.3
				Bathonian					Jurassic 4									165.3
				Bajocian					Jurassic 4									168.2
				Aalenian					Jurassic 3									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan							176
				Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2		Ururoan							184.2
				Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2		Aratauran							188.9
				Sinemurian					Jurassic 1									192.9
				Hettangian					Jurassic 1									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4	Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
				Norian							Warepan							208.5
											Otamitan							217
											Oretian							221
				Carnian					Triassic 3		Oretian							227
				Carnian					Triassic 3	Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2		Kaihikuan							237
				Ladinian							Etalian							238
				Anisian							Etalian							242
Malakovian				Anisian	246
Malakovian			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian		249
Nelsonian				Induan		251.2
DUrville				Induan		Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian			Flettian			264.28
						Barettian			266
							Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian		Permian 3		Murgabian		266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian		Permian 2		Kubergandian		273.01
						Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
							Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian			285
						Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
							Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Permian 1		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5				298.9
			Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5				303.7
			Moscovian		Carboniferous 4				307
			Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3				323.2
			Visean		Carboniferous 2				330.9
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway				Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean				Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan				Cazenovian	Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian				Cazenovian	Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				Helderbergian	Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian							Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian							Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							Ohesaare		Silurian 2	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian						Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian						Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani		Silurian 1	433.4
			Telychian						Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian						Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian						Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian						Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ordovician 5	443.8
			Katian								Ordovician 5	445.2
			Sandbian								Ordovician 4	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Ordovician 3	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								Ordovician 2	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								Ordovician 2	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								Late Cambrian	Cambrian 5	485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Middle Cambrian	Cambrian 4	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian									Cambrian 4		500.5
			Wuliuan					Cambrian 3				Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3			Early Cambrian			509
		Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635