PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of the Baltic	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Silurian of England		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran							0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian			Castlecliffian							0.34
				Calabrian			Castlecliffian							0.774
				Calabrian			Nukumaruan							1.63
				Gelasian			Nukumaruan							1.8
				Gelasian			Mangapanian							2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian							2.58
				Piacenzian			Waipipian							3
				Zanclean			Waipipian							3.6
				Zanclean			Opoitian							3.7
			Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
				Messinian			Tongaporutuan							7.2
				Tortonian			Tongaporutuan							7.246
				Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan							11.04
				Serravallian			Waiauan							11.63
				Serravallian			Lillburnian							13.05
				Langhian			Lillburnian							13.82
							Clifdenian							15.1
						Pareora	Altonian							15.9
				Burdigalian			Altonian							15.98
				Burdigalian			Otaian							18.7
				Aquitanian			Otaian							20.44
				Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian							21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
							Duntroonian							25.2
							Whaingaroan							27.3
				Rupelian							Kekeamuan			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
						Arnold	Runangan							34.6
							Kaiatan							36.7
				Bartonian			Kaiatan				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
				Bartonian			Bortonian							39.1
				Lutetian			Bortonian							41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
							Heretaungan							45.7
				Ypresian			Heretaungan					Bumbanian		47.8
							Mangaorapan							48.9
							Waipawan							52
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian				Gashatan			56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian						Senonian	66
				Campanian			Haumurian							72.1
				Santonian			Piripauan							83.6
				Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
							Mangaotanean							90.5
							Arowhanan							93.7
				Cenomanian			Arowhanan							93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
							Motuan							99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan						Gallic	100.5
							Urutawan							103.3
						Taitai	Korangan							108.4
				Aptian			Korangan							113
				Aptian										117.5
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian									Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
			Induan			251.2
			Induan			Kathwai		251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai		251.902
								252.4 *
						Chhidru		252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian			Chhidru		254.14
						Kalabagh		255 *
						Wargal		256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
								265.3 *
						Amb		266.1 *
			Roadian			Amb		266.9
			Roadian					270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
								Ohesaare		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
								Kaugetuma		Bringewood/Elton	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423.4 *
			Gorstian								425.6
			Gorstian							Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		Buildwas	427.4
								Rootsikula	Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
								Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				430.5	Jaagarahu
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
							Adavere	434 *
										436.3 *
			Aeronian	438.5
				Cowleigh Park	439.3 *
					Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian				443.8
			Katian		Bolindian				445.2
					Eastonian				449 *
					Gisbornian				452 *
			Sandbian		Gisbornian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian				458.4
			Dapingian		Yapeenian				467.3
			Dapingian		Castlemainian				468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian				470
					Bendigonian				471.8 *
					Lancefieldian				473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian				477.7
			Tremadocian		Warendian				482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
Jiangshanian			489.5
Paibian			494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	509
Series 2		Stage 3	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635