PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Silurian of the Baltic	Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †									2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Lancian/Edmontonian				66
				Campanian								Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									Vokhmian			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									Vokhmian			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
				Wordian						Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
				Roadian						Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
				Kungurian							Hessian					281.9 *
				Artinskian							Hessian					283.5
				Artinskian						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					286.1 *
				Sakmarian							Lenoxian					290.1
				Asselian							Nealian					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
				Kasimovian												303.7
				Moscovian												307
				Bashkirian												315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
				Visean												330.9
Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian	Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula		Gleedonian			427.4
				Jaagarahu		Gleedonian			429.2 *
						Whitwellian			429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani			433.4
			Telychian	Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju		Porkuni			443.8
			Katian						Pirgu			445.2
									Vormsi			449.6 *
									Nabala			Johvi †		450 *
							Viru		Rakvere					450.6 *
									Oandu					452 *
			Sandbian						Keila			Idavere †		453
									Haljala					453.9
									Kukruse					456.4 *
									Uhaku			Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku					458.4
									Lasnamagi					458.9 *
									Aseri					460.4 *
							Oeland		Kunda					462.9 *
									Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
									Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian						Volkhov						467.3
			Dapingian						Billingen						469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian												470
												Latorp †			470.1 *
									Hunneberg						473.7 *
			Tremadocian						Hunneberg						477.7
									Varangu						481.3 *
	Pakerort								482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †				497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4										509
		Series 2	Stage 3										514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian		538.8
			Cryogenian												635
			Tonian												720
			Tonian										Karatau		800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau		1000
			Stenian										Yurmatian		1100
			Ectasian										Yurmatian		1200
			Ectasian										Burzyan		1375
																1400